Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease, also known as MOGAD, is a rare inflammatory disease that affects the central nervous system. In MOGADthe immune system attacks the fatty substance that protects nerve fibers in the optic nerves, brain and spinal cord. Symptoms of MOGAD may include vision loss, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein weakness, stiffness or paralysis, confusion, seizures, and headaches, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. These symptoms can be sometimes confused with other diseases such as multiple sclerosis.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Data Availaiblity statement is not applicable as this review article is based exclusively on published work. New diagnostic criteria for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease MOGAD have recently been proposed, distinguishing this syndrome from other inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. Seropositivity status for MOG-IgG autoantibodies is important for diagnosing MOGAD, but only in the context of robust clinical characterization and cautious interpretation of neuroimaging. For this reason, possible alternative diagnoses need to be considered, and low MOG-IgG titers need to be carefully weighted.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein MOG is a glycoprotein believed to be important in the myelination of nerves in the central nervous system CNS. In humans this protein is encoded by the MOG gene. MOG's cDNA coding region in humans have been shown to be "highly homologous" [9] to rats, mice, and bovine, and hence highly conserved. This suggests "an important biological role for this protein". The gene for MOG, found on chromosome 6 p The crystal structure of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein was determined by x-ray diffraction at a resolution of 1. This protein is residues long, and is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Also, MOG was shown to dimerize in solution, and the shape complementarity index is high at the dimer interface, suggesting a "biologically relevant MOG dimer. Developmentally, MOG is formed "very late on oligodendrocytes and the myelin sheath". Interest in MOG has centered on its role in demyelinating diseases.

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Contributor Disclosures. Please read the Disclaimer at the end of this page. The disease has a predilection for children. Treatment and prognosis are reviewed separately. In a study using MOG self-antigen tetramers detected by a radioimmunoassay technique, MOG antibodies were detected in a subset of patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ADEM but rarely in adult patients with MS [ 1 ].

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein MOG -associated disease MOGAD is a rare, antibody-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system CNS with various phenotypes starting from optic neuritis, via transverse myelitis to acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis ADEM and cortical encephalitis. Even though sometimes the clinical picture of this condition is similar to the presentation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder NMOSD , most experts consider MOGAD as a distinct entity with different immune system pathology. MOG is a molecule detected on the outer membrane of myelin sheaths and expressed primarily within the brain, spinal cord and also the optic nerves. Its function is not fully understood but this glycoprotein may act as a cell surface receptor or cell adhesion molecule. The specific outmost location of myelin makes it a potential target for autoimmune antibodies and cell-mediated responses in demyelinating processes. Optic neuritis seems to be the most frequent presenting phenotype in adults and ADEM in children.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein

Skip to content. What is myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease? Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein MOG is a protein found on the covering of nerves in the central nervous system. While the precise function of MOG is not fully understood, it likely plays a role in myelin maturation, myelin integrity, and cell surface interactions. MOG antibody disease affects males and females almost equally and are more prevalent in children than adults. Patients who show the symptoms listed above will undergo a serum blood test. MRIs of the brain, orbits and spine may also reveal lesions or white matter changes suggestive of an inflammatory process. As appropriate, our Neuroimmune specialists will also rule out other conditions that may look similar to MOG antibody disease. At the Neuroscience Center , our goal is to stop symptoms and restore a child's normal growth and development with as few treatment-related side effects as possible.

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Abdullah Al-Ani , 1 John J. Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. Mayo Clinic Alumni Association. Imaging in Neuro-ophthalmology. MOGAD may rarely show a predilection for pontine involvement. MOGAD complications are caused by the attacks on the fatty substance that protects nerve fibers in the optic nerves, brain and spinal cord. Mult Scler Relat Disord ; Ann Neurol Finally, like aquaporin 4 AQP4 -IgG, MOG autoantibodies are induced in the peripheral circulation, though the triggering cause for their production remains unclear [ 2 , 4 ]. In this study, many of the patients with low positive titers became negative in follow-up assays. Chwalisz BK, Levy M.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein MOG is a glycoprotein believed to be important in the myelination of nerves in the central nervous system CNS. In humans this protein is encoded by the MOG gene. MOG's cDNA coding region in humans have been shown to be "highly homologous" [9] to rats, mice, and bovine, and hence highly conserved.

International Business Collaborations. Front Immunol Previously off label use of many agents was the mainstay of therapy, but targeted therapies approved for use in seropositive NMOSD include eculizumab, satralizumab, and inebilizumab. Next Steps Contact Us. Disability usually gets worse with each attack. J Neuro-Ophthalmology Publish Ah:3—5. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein MOG is a protein found on the covering of nerves in the central nervous system. To determine MOGAD diagnosis, symptoms derived from history, and careful review of MRI and venography imaging features will be critical to avoid delaying appropriate management. Yet, disease manifestations may occur after prodromal infections, particularly those caused by viral pathogens, such as influenza, Epstein—Barr virus, herpes simplex virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS-CoV-2 , to name a few [ 3 ]. While a broader spectrum of clinical features may be seen, caution is needed in cases without any of these core manifestations, given the potential for false positives to occur, particularly at lower titers.