Theobrine

Theobrominealso known as xantheoseis the principal alkaloid of Theobroma cacao cacao plant, theobrine. Theobrine is a white or colourless solid, but commercial samples can appear yellowish. Theobromine is a flat molecule, [3] a derivative of purine.

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'theobromine. Send us feedback about these examples. Accessed 8 Mar. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free! See Definitions and Examples ». Log In. Examples of theobromine in a Sentence.

Theobrine

Theobromine poisoning , also informally called chocolate poisoning or cocoa poisoning , is an overdosage reaction to the xanthine alkaloid theobromine , found in chocolate , tea , cola beverages, [1] and some other foods. Cocoa powder contains about 2. Processed chocolate, in general, has smaller amounts. The amount found in highly refined chocolate candies or sweets typically 1. In general, the amount of theobromine found in chocolate is small enough that chocolate can be safely consumed by humans with a negligible risk of poisoning. Theobromine doses at 0. These are the mild-to-moderate symptoms. The severe symptoms are cardiac arrhythmias , [5] epileptic seizures , internal bleeding , heart attacks , and eventually death. Limited mood effects were shown at mg per day. Median lethal LD 50 doses of theobromine have only been published for cats, dogs, rats, and mice; these differ by a factor of 6 across species. Serious poisoning happens more frequently in domestic animals, which metabolize theobromine much more slowly than humans, [7] and can easily consume enough chocolate to cause poisoning. The most common victims of theobromine poisoning are dogs , [8] [9] for whom it can be fatal. The toxic dose for cats is even lower than for dogs. In dogs, the biological half-life of theobromine is In , four American black bears were found dead at a bait site in New Hampshire.

The amount found in highly refined chocolate candies or sweets typically 1. Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata All articles with unsourced statements Theobrine with unsourced statements from September Webarchive template wayback links, theobrine. Retrieved

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Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Theobromine, a methylxanthine related to caffeine and present in high levels in cocoa, may contribute to the appeal of chocolate. However, currently evidence for this is limited. We conducted a within-subjects placebo-controlled study of a wide range of oral theobromine doses , , and mg using an active control dose of caffeine mg in 80 healthy participants. Caffeine had the expected effects on mood including feelings of alertness, and cardiovascular parameters.

Theobrine

Theobromine is among the many beneficial compounds found in dark chocolate. But what exactly is theobromine, and what does it do for your health? Theobromine is a compound found in plants, most abundantly in cacao and tea leaves. It has a similar structure and action to caffeine, although its effects are slightly different and notably less stimulating. As early as the s, scientists would use cacao to treat issues like fatigue , respiratory issues, and heart problems. These two compounds both fall into the methylxanthine category, and they block specific receptors that are meant for the chemical compound adenosine. Under normal conditions, adenosine docks on its receptors, and it induces feelings of sleepiness. When theobromine is present, however, it takes the place of adenosine on these receptors and therefore blocks adenosine activity. The result is a boost in energy, much like you feel with caffeine although less potent.

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Retrieved 7 November Compared with caffeine, theobromine is weaker in both its inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and its antagonism of adenosine receptors. Theobromine can also be found in trace amounts in the kola nut , the guarana berry, yerba mate Ilex paraguariensis , Ilex vomitoria , Ilex guayusa , [19] and the tea plant. Category Outline. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free! The severe symptoms are cardiac arrhythmias , [5] epileptic seizures , internal bleeding , heart attacks , and eventually death. Later stages of theobromine poisoning include epileptic -like seizures and death. Unlike caffeine, which is highly water-soluble, theobromine is only slightly water-soluble and is more fat soluble, and thus peaks more slowly in the blood. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Environment and Behavior. C Y. Tools Tools. Retrieved 23 December Contents move to sidebar hide. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.

Many people have a cup of coffee each morning and would have a difficult time starting their day without it.

Amiloride Benzamil Triamterene. Categories : Cat health Dog health Poisoning by drugs, medicaments and biological substances Veterinary toxicology. Median lethal LD 50 doses of theobromine have only been published for cats, dogs, rats, and mice; these differ by a factor of 6 across species. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Theobromine. Scientific American. Theobromine doses at 0. Also, chocolate may be a factor for heartburn in some people because theobromine may affect the esophageal sphincter muscle in a way that permits stomach acids to enter the esophagus. Montelukast Pranlukast Zafirlukast. Theobromine poisoning , also informally called chocolate poisoning or cocoa poisoning , is an overdosage reaction to the xanthine alkaloid theobromine , found in chocolate , tea , cola beverages, [1] and some other foods. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Download as PDF Printable version. Tools Tools. At doses of 0.