Myenteric plexus

The myenteric plexus or Auerbach's plexus provides motor innervation to both layers of the muscular layer of the gut, having both parasympathetic and sympathetic input although present ganglion cell myenteric plexus belong to parasympathetic innervation, fibers from sympathetic innervation also reach the plexuswhereas the submucous plexus provides secretomotor innervation to the mucosa nearest the lumen of the gut. It arises from cells in the vagal trigone also known as the nucleus ala cinerea, the parasympathetic nucleus of origin for the tenth cranial nerve vagus nervelocated in the medulla oblongata, myenteric plexus.

At the time the article was last revised Mostafa Elfeky had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose. The myenteric plexus also known as the Auerbach plexus plural: plexuses refers to a network of nerves between the layers of the muscular propria in the gastrointestinal system. Among other things, the plexus helps regulate peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract. The plexus is part of the enteric nervous system ENS and is partly regulated by the vagus nerve cranial nerve X. Disorders of the myenteric plexus may lead to a number of gastrointestinal motility disorders. Classic examples include achalasia of the esophagus and Hirschsprung disease of the colon which are due at least partly to loss of ganglion cells of the myenteric plexus. Articles: Pseudoachalasia Eosinophilic myenteric ganglionitis Achalasia.

Myenteric plexus

Myenteric plexus a. Auerbach plexus refers to a local circuitry of neurons and ganglia which is situated within the gut wall from esophagus to the rectum. It is sandwiched between the inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of muscularis externa and innervates the smooth muscle of the gut. The myenteric plexus , in association with another plexus of nerves, called the submucosal plexus, make up the enteric nervous system. The enteric nervous system helps regulate the peristalsis, secretions and vasculature within the gut. While it can act independently from the central nervous system, its activity is primarily regulated by autonomic pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons coming from the anterior and posterior vagal trunks. These neurons synapse with the postganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the submucosal and myenteric plexus es in the gut wall. The vagal discharge leads to increased peristalsis and secretions of the gut. Dysfunction of enteric nervous system could lead to various disorders, such as Hirschprung disease, achalasia and gastroparesis. Drake, R. Philadelphia PA Elsevier, pp. Shahrestani J, M Das J. Neuroanatomy, Auerbach Plexus. In: StatPearls [Internet].

Edit article. Properties of the enteric nervous system: limitation of access of intravascular macromolecules to the myenteric plexus and muscularis externa, myenteric plexus. Etiologies are diverse and can be congenital, degenerative, or medication-induced.

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Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October Learn More or Try it out now. The gastrointestinal tract is the only internal organ to have evolved with its own independent nervous system, known as the enteric nervous system ENS. This Review provides an update on advances that have been made in our understanding of how neurons within the ENS coordinate sensory and motor functions. Understanding this function is critical for determining how deficits in neurogenic motor patterns arise. Knowledge of how distension or chemical stimulation of the bowel evokes sensory responses in the ENS and central nervous system have progressed, including critical elements that underlie mechanotransduction of distension-evoked colonic peristalsis. Contrary to original thought, evidence suggests that mucosal serotonin is not required for peristalsis or colonic migrating motor complexes, although mucosal serotonin can modulate their characteristics. Chemosensory stimuli applied to the lumen can release subtances from enteroendocrine cells, which could subsequently modulate ENS activity.

Myenteric plexus

The enteric nervous system ENS or intrinsic nervous system is one of the main divisions of the peripheral nervous system PNS and consists of a mesh-like system of neurons that governs the function of the gastrointestinal tract. The ENS is nicknamed the "second brain". The enteric nervous system is capable of operating independently of the brain and spinal cord, [6] but does rely on innervation from the vagus nerve and prevertebral ganglia in healthy subjects. However, studies have shown that the system is operable with a severed vagus nerve.

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Hidden categories: Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May Articles with unsourced statements from January Articles with TA98 identifiers. Review The guinea-pig oesophagus is a versatile in vitro preparation for pharmacological studies. Article Talk. At the time the article was last revised Mostafa Elfeky had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose. Categories : Digestive system Enteric nervous system Nerve plexus. Clear Turn Off Turn On. Muscles The myenteric plexus lies in between the outer longitudinal and inner circular smooth muscle layers of the intestines. Accept all cookies Manage cookies. Neurogastroenterol Motil. Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. Achalasia is a motor disorder of the esophagus characterized by decrease in ganglion cell density in the myenteric plexus. Thank you for updating your details. You can freely give, refuse or withdraw your consent at any time by accessing our cookie settings tool. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol.

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Part of the enteric nervous system. Review Identification of interstitial cells of Cajal. My account. Disclosure: Joe M Das declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Become a Gold Supporter and see no third-party ads. By stimulating these muscles, it controls motility along the gastrointestinal tract. Sympathetic paravertebral ganglia : Sacral ganglia Ganglion impar splanchnic nerves : Sacral splanchnic nerves. You can freely give, refuse or withdraw your consent at any time by accessing our cookie settings tool. The enteric nervous system makes use of over 30 different neurotransmitters, most similar to those of the CNS such as acetylcholine , dopamine , and serotonin. Alternatively, blood is delivered to the midgut and hindgut by the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, respectively. However, a rectal biopsy is the gold standard test for diagnosis. Development of enteric neuron diversity.