Izmit haritası google earth

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District municipality is formed under the name İzmit, by joining town municipalities in İzmit center. In reality, after forming Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality, establishing a municipality in the center in the İzmit' in order to survive was always in the agenda. As the result of the researches made, it was learnt that people lived in İzmit which is one of the intersections of the most important roads of the world, and the surrounding areas since BC. İzmit was always an area of settlement until today. First Phrygians occupied the area, and later on a city was established in Basiskele location called Astakoz. With the destruction of Astakoz as the result of a earthquake, a new city called Nikomedia was established on the slopes of İzmit. In his time, Nikomedia becomes the 4th largest city of the world after Rome, Antakya, and Alexandria.

Izmit haritası google earth

This study investigated the causes of mass movements in the Korucu Formation, which consists of sandstone and shale alternation. It also evaluated the support systems to prevent these movements. The analysis considered project criteria, both static and dynamic conditions, types of mass movements and triggering factors. The study identified a combination of factors, including the water table and surface waters, which lead to progressive weathering and mass movement. Stability analyses were conducted for specific right-cut slope sections. These analyses included assessments of soil structure, soil—rock mechanics, engineering geology and geotechnics, as well as examination of field and laboratory test results. Y3 was a flow-type movement that required protection of the slope with riprap due to the different geological conditions and disturbance factors. This study underlines the need for a comprehensive geological analysis and structural measures to ensure safety in these areas. The growing populations and developing economies of countries around the world require a rapid flow of transportation between cities and countries. There is a need for highways that run outside settlements, have few curves, do not intersect with other roads, are separated in the middle in two directions, and have three or more lanes in each direction. One of the roads built for this purpose in the Marmara region of Turkiye is the North Marmara highway. Earlier studies conducted in the Kocaeli region provided information about mass movements and references to the study. Arslan et al. Similar earlier studies in different parts of the world also provided important insights into mass movements.

In highly fractured units, however, water seeps through claystone fractures and saturates the underlying permeable sandy unit.

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Izmit haritası google earth

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The city which faced one earthquake every century on the average, was repaired during the period of Byzantium Emperor Justinianus. Thus, slope stability improvement is required for the Y1 mass movement. Assessment of stability problems at southern engineered slopes along Mersin-Tarsus Motorway in Turkey Article 22 June However it was destroyed again. The mass movements that occurred throughout the study area were designated Y1, Y2, and Y3 Fig. Sign In Create an Account Cancel. A view from the outcrop of the Korucu Formation Tek consisting of thin—medium thick-bedded sandstone, and thin-bedded shale alternation. Change language. After understanding the reasons for the weathering of the slopes and calculating the values of the back-analysis method, geotechnical precautions, such as pile retaining walls, slope stabilization, etc. The static condition analysis of the Y1 is given in Fig. This region presents unique geological and topographical challenges, compounded by the intricate engineering considerations of the highway infrastructure. Alexander McKing 30 Jul, am. As a result of the evaluations, the RMR 89 value was calculated as 39 for the Y1 and Y2 claystone—siltstone unit, 47 for the moderately weathered claystone unit of Y3, and 32 for the highly weathered claystone unit of Y3. As a result of the tectonic activity in the region, the sedimentary units are frequently fractured and cracked. The groundwater level in slope geometry was assigned as 7.

With creation tools, you can draw on the map, add your photos and videos, customize your view, and share and collaborate with others.

Share to your Steam activity feed. In addition to this, structural measures should be taken to prevent movement and constructions such as a retaining wall should be applied for toe support on the field. Terzaghi K Mechanism of landslides. All rights reserved. Colombia University Press, New York. For the analyses, the relationship between slope height and the factor of safety was examined. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Assoc. Ruptures and local flows occurred on the slope surface. The study area is within a zone of active tectonic activity. Save for Later. Nevertheless, it has been observed that the long-term stability failed to provide the factor of safety values acquired.