Cxcr4

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Chemokine receptors are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, which together with chemokine ligands form chemokine networks to regulate various cellular functions, immune and physiological processes. These receptors are closely related to cell movement and thus play a vital role in several physiological and pathological processes that require regulation of cell migration. CXCR4, one of the most intensively studied chemokine receptors, is involved in many functions in addition to immune cells recruitment and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of liver disease. Aberrant CXCR4 expression pattern is related to the migration and movement of liver specific cells in liver disease through its cross-talk with a variety of significant cell signaling pathways. An in-depth understanding of CXCR4-mediated signaling pathway and its role in liver disease is critical to identifying potential therapeutic strategies. Current therapeutic strategies for liver disease mainly focus on regulating the key functions of specific cells in the liver, in which the CXCR4 pathway plays a crucial role.

Cxcr4

Predicted to enable several functions, including chemokine receptor activity; cytoskeletal protein binding activity; and ubiquitin protein ligase binding activity. Involved in myelin maintenance; positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis; and positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation. Acts upstream of or within several processes, including circulatory system development; gamete generation; and nervous system development. Located in cell-cell junction; external side of plasma membrane; and growth cone. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; cardiovascular system; embryo mesenchyme; extraembryonic component; and nervous system. Used to study WHIM syndrome. Human ortholog s of this gene implicated in WHIM syndrome; hematologic cancer multiple ; leukopenia; osteoporosis; and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 , SDF-1 receptor , chemokine C-X-C motif receptor 4 , chemokine C-X-C receptor 4 , chemokine receptor 4 , fusin , leukocyte-derived seven transmembrane domain receptor , leukocyte-expressed seven-transmembrane-domain , pre-B-cell-derived chemokine receptor , stromal cell-derived factor 1 receptor.

Notably, during chronic hepatitis virus infection, chemokine-chemokine receptor interactions are particularly critical for recruiting T cells to sites of inflammation in the liver Nishitsuji et al. While CXCR4's expression is low or absent in many healthy tissues, cxcr4 was demonstrated to be expressed in over 23 types of cancer, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cxcr4, melanoma, and cxcr4 cancer. Ullah, T, cxcr4.

The CXCR4 receptor upon binding its ligands triggers multiple signaling pathways that orchestrate cell migration, hematopoiesis and cell homing, and retention in the bone marrow. However, CXCR4 also directly controls cell proliferation of non-hematopoietic cells. This review focuses on recent reports pointing to its pivotal role in tissue regeneration and stem cell activation, and discusses the connection to the known role of CXCR4 in promoting tumor growth. The mechanisms may be similar in all cases, since regeneration often recapitulates developmental processes, and cancer often exploits developmental pathways. Moreover, cell migration and cell proliferation appear to be downstream of the same signaling pathways. A deeper understanding of the complex signaling originating from CXCR4 is needed to exploit the opportunities to repair damaged organs safely and effectively. The binding of chemokines to G protein-coupled receptors GPCRs typically directs cell movement and traffic in and out of specific tissues in developing embryos and adult animals.

Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. B cells that interact with T cells play a role in regulating the defense function by producing antibodies and inflammatory cytokines. CXCR4 expression also decreased after treatment with a HIF inhibitor under the hypoxic condition, leading to inhibited cell viability. These results suggest that CXCR4 could be an additional therapeutic target to control B cells with roles at disease sites under hypoxic conditions. Stephanie Frenz-Wiessner, Savannah D. Fairley, … Christoph Klein.

Cxcr4

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CXCL12 and its isoforms: different roles in pancreatic cancer? CXCR4 and Gab1 cooperate to control the development of migrating muscle progenitor cells. J Exp Med. White blood cells also remain in the bone marrow until they are needed in the body to fight infection. Yang, J. A lack of these immune cells circulating through the body likely impairs the body's immune reaction to bacteria and viruses, leading to the recurrent infections common in WHIM syndrome. High mobility group box 1 protein HMGB1 is the archetypal damage-associated molecular pattern DAMP molecule; DAMPs are released from dead or severely stressed cells to alert their microenvironment and the innate immune system. Zheng, N. Cell Death and Differentiation. Cell Rep. Upregulation of CXCR4 is functionally crucial for maintenance of stemness in drug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells. Involvement of chemokine receptors in breast cancer metastasis. Zhong, J. Functional response of leukaemic blasts to stromal cell-derived factor-1 correlates with preferential expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in acute myelomonocytic and lymphoblastic leukaemia. Article types Author guidelines Editor guidelines Publishing fees Submission checklist Contact editorial office.

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This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of CXCR4 and its ligand in liver disease, including its potential as a therapeutic target, and summarize the therapeutic studies of combined targeting CXCR4 pathway. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor-CXCR4 receptor interactions. Annu Rev Immunol. Theranostics 10, — Expert Rev. Immunity 36, — Ringehan, M. Michalopoulos, G. Cell Commun. Chemokine signaling and functional responses: the role of receptor dimerization and TK pathway activation.