Cava inferior

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Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October Learn More or Try it out now. The inferior vena cava IVC is the largest vein in the body, draining blood from the abdomen, pelvis and lower extremities. This pictorial review summarises normal anatomy and embryological development of the IVC. In addition, we highlight a wide range of anatomical variants, acquired pathologies and a common pitfall in imaging of the IVC.

Cava inferior

The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries the deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart. It is formed by the joining of the right and the left common iliac veins , usually at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra. The inferior vena cava is the lower " inferior " of the two venae cavae , the two large veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium of the heart: the inferior vena cava carries blood from the lower half of the body whilst the superior vena cava carries blood from the upper half of the body. Together, the venae cavae in addition to the coronary sinus , which carries blood from the muscle of the heart itself form the venous counterparts of the aorta. It is a large retroperitoneal vein that lies posterior to the abdominal cavity and runs along the right side of the vertebral column. The name derives from Latin : vena, "vein", cavus, "hollow". The IVC is formed by the joining of the left and right common iliac veins and brings collected blood into the right atrium of the heart. The inferior vena cava begins as the left and right common iliac veins behind the abdomen unite, at about the level of L5. Because the inferior vena cava is located to the right of the midline, drainage of the tributaries is not always symmetrical. On the right, the gonadal veins and suprarenal veins drain into the inferior vena cava directly. In the embryo , the inferior vena cava and right auricle are separated by the valve of the inferior vena cava , also known as the Eustachian valve. In the adult, this valve typically has totally regressed or remains as a small fold of endocardium. Rarely, the inferior vena cava may vary in its size and position. In transposition of the great arteries the inferior vena cava may lie on the left. In between 0.

Multislice CT angiography in the evaluation of hepatic vascular anatomy in potential right lobe donors. Distended collateral vein mistaken for mass in context of incidentally detected suprarenal IVC stenosis, cava inferior.

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Insights into Imaging volume 12 , Article number: Cite this article. Metrics details. The inferior vena cava IVC is the largest vein in the body, draining blood from the abdomen, pelvis and lower extremities. This pictorial review summarises normal anatomy and embryological development of the IVC. In addition, we highlight a wide range of anatomical variants, acquired pathologies and a common pitfall in imaging of the IVC. This information is essential for clinical decision making and to reduce misdiagnosis. Recurrent pulmonary embolism following routine infrarenal IVC filter placement should raise suspicion of a duplicated IVC. Tumour thrombus is differentiated from bland thrombus by filling defect enhancement, vessel lumen expansion and contiguity with the mass.

Cava inferior

Federal government websites often end in. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. The site is secure. NCBI Bookshelf. William D. Tucker ; Ribesh Shrestha ; Bracken Burns. Authors William D. Tucker 1 ; Ribesh Shrestha 2 ; Bracken Burns 3.

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World Neurosurg. Although most anomalies are asymptomatic incidental findings, they can cause lower extremity venous insufficiency, deep vein thrombosis, pelvic congestion syndrome and affect planning of vascular procedures [ 10 — 17 ]. J Thromb Thrombolysis. Contrast-enhanced delayed venous phase on a CT abdomen and pelvis demonstrates prominent superficial abdominal, epigastric and gonadal veins draining the lower extremities. Lastly, we discuss the imaging pitfall of mixed artefact masquerading as thrombus. On both CT and MRI, the mass can demonstrate heterogeneous enhancement due to central cystic or necrotic components Fig. Absent infrarenal IVC with azygos continuation. Absent infrarenal IVC with multiple collateral pathways. Duplicated IVC with symmetrical caliber. Diseases involving the IVC can be diagnostically challenging, with computed tomography CT and magnetic resonance imaging MRI playing key roles in characterising malignancy, tumour extent, caval wall invasion and bland thrombus. J Emerg Med. Classification of congenital vascular defects.

The inferior vena cava is also referred to as the posterior vena cava.

Phillips E. IVC bland thrombosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr. World Neurosurg. Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumour that typically originates from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. Retrocaval ureter. Pararenal vena cava leiomyosarcoma versus leiomyomatosis: difficult diagnosis. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Clinical and oncological outcomes in Chinese patients with renal cell carcinoma and venous tumor thrombus extension: single-center experience. Corresponding author. Imaging evaluation of the inferior vena cava.